Contemporary Londons
(Part of the MA IN POSTMODERNISM, LITERATURE AND CONTEMPORARY CULTURE)
Tutor: Andrew Gibson
The object of this course is to introduce students to a specific range of contemporary representations of London, its history and geography. In doing so, it also aims to introduce them to specific aspects of contemporary London literature and culture; to specific aspects of postmodern geography; and to contemporary debates around the question of representation, especially representation of the city. This particular MA already has a high theoretical content C both the compulsory core course (Theory of the Postmodern) and the option in Critical Theory are purely theoretical courses C and some of the material taught on the core course (Baudrillard, Jameson) is directly relevant to what is taught on the option proposed here, as will be made clear in classes. The option itself, therefore, does not chiefly focus on theoretical material, though such material will form the basis of discussion in a few classes and be used in discussion in others, and will be amply indicated in reading lists. The emphasis in the course will rather be on the concrete and specific: particular novels, particular historical and geographical discourses and forms of popular culture.
The course falls into four sections. In Weeks 1-4, the concern will be with historical discourses. Classes will focus on selected chapters from four recent synoptic histories of London. This will introduce students to the topic and allow them to pick up a little of the most relevant, basic knowledge of the city. At the same time, we shall look at the synoptic history (or `biography of a city') as a specific genre. How does it work, and what are the narrative and discursive conventions which regulate it? How does it construct both the city and a concept of national life in relation to the nation's capital? What are the salient (ideological, narrative and other) differences between the synoptic histories in question? In Weeks 5-8, the course will turn to selected examples of recent geographical work on or with reference to London. Starting with some of the differences between recent geographical discourses and those evident in the synoptic histories, classes wi ll be concerned with how and how far the former challenge or extend established conceptions of the city. In weeks 9-16, the focus of the course will shift to novels. We shall begin with relatively traditional representations of the capital in fiction (Ackroyd, Moorcock), progress to the radical challenge to established representations offered by the work of Iain Sinclair, and then again to representations of London in the work of women (Carter) and novelists writing about or from within minority ethnic communities (Mo, Kureishi, Selvon). In weeks 17-20, the course will have no syllabus (though a list of possible topics is given below). Students will be asked to give class presentations on aspects of the representation of London in popular culture. The material to be discussed will be decided on early in the second term in consultation with the tutor.
All classes will take place in central London (11, Bedford Square).
First Term
Week 1: Histories (i)
Christopher Hibbert, London: A Biography (Chapters 4 and 5, [16th and 17th centuries]; Epilogue)
Week 2: Histories (ii)
Francis Sheppard, London: a History (Part III [eighteenth century]; sections 22 and 23)
Week 3: Histories (iii)
Stephen Inwood, A History of London (Section 5 [nineteenth century]; part 26)
Week 4: Histories (iv)
Roy Porter, London: a Social History (Chapters 14-17 [twentieth century])
Week 5: Geographies (i)
Jonathan Raban, Soft City; David Harvey, The Condition of Postmodernity (Introduction)
Week 6: Geographies (ii)
Doreen Massey, `A Global Sense of Place'; `Places and their Pasts'
Week 7: Geographies (iii)
Felix Driver and David Gilbert, Imperial Cities
Week 8: Geographies (iv)
Jane M. Jacobs, Edge of Empire: Postcolonialism and the City
Week 9: Literature (i)
Michael Moorcock, Mother London
Week 10: Literature (ii)
Peter Ackroyd, Dan Leno and the Limehouse Golem
Week 11: Literature (iii)
Iain Sinclair, Lights out for the Territory
Week 12: Literature (iv)
Iain Sinclair and Marc Atkins, Liquid City
Week 13: Literature (v)
Angela Carter, Wise Children
Week 14: Literature (vi)
Timothy Mo, Sour Sweet
Week 15: Literature (vii)
Hanif Kureishi, The Buddha of Suburbia
Week 16: Literature (viii)
Sam Selvon, The Lonely Londoners
Weeks 17-20: Popular Culture
There is no syllabus for this section of the course, but material for consideration might include: Time Out, City Limits, Floodlight, Metro, Big Issue, Evening Standard; East Enders, Paddington Green; Peter Vansittart, London: a Literary Companion (London: John Murray, 1992), Ben Weintreb and Christopher Hibbert, The London Encyclopaedia (London: Macmillan, 1992), The Faber Book of London, ed. A.N. Wilson (London: Faber, 1993), the London A-Z, tourist guidebooks, guides to children's London, popular books and curiosities on London (e.g. Nicholas Barton, The Lost Rivers of London [London: Historical Publications, 1998 reprinting]; Richard Trench and Ellis Hillman, London Under London [London: John Murray, 1993 edition]; Felix Barker and Ralph Hyde, London as it Might Have Been [London: John Murray, 1981]); photographic records (eg Chris Ellman and Alex Wern er, Dockland Life: a Pictorial History of London Docks 1860-1970 [London: Mainstream, 1991], Susan Okokon, Black Londoners 1880-1990 [Phoenix Mill: Sutton, 1998]), popular books on the history of local areas (eg the Historical Publications series: Clapham Past, Fulham Past etc), souvenir maps (William Shakespeare's London, Dickens's London), John Wittich's London Villages (Shire: Princes Risborough, 1994) and Discovering London Street Names (Shire: Princes Risborough, 1996); and even London as cause for nostalgia or never-never land: Pennie Denton (ed.) Betjeman's London (London: John Murray, 1988).
Reading List
Contemporary London Literature
Peter Ackroyd, The Great Fire of London (London: Abacus, 1984) [FL 828 ACK]
-------------, Hawksmoor (London: Hamilton, 1985) [FL 828 ACK]
-------------, The House of Doctor Dee (London: Penguin, 1993) [FL 828 ACK]
-------------, Dan Leno and the Limehouse Golem (LOndon: Minerva, 1995) [FL 828 ACK]
Martin Amis, London Fields (London: Penguin, 1990) [FL 828 AMI]
J.G. Ballard, The Unlimited Dream Company (London: Paladin, 1990)
------------, Concrete Island (London: Vintage, 1994)
Angela Carter, Wise Children (London: Vintage, 1992)
Justin Cartwright, Look at it This Way (london: Picador, 1991)
Jonathan Coe, What a Carve Up! (London: Penguin, 1995)
Maureen Duffy, Capital: a Fiction (London: Methuen, 1984)
Maureen Duffy, Londoners: an Elegy (London: Methuen, 1983)
Granta (special edition on London, 1999)
Patrick Keiller, London (film)
---------------, Robinson in Space (London: Reaktion Books, 1999)
Hanif Kureishi, The Buddha of Suburbia (LOndon: Faber, 1995) [FL 828 KUR. Also Videocassette 828 KUR of TV adaptation]
Doris Lessing, The Four-Gated City (London: Paladin, 1990) [FL 828 LES]
-------------, The Good Terrorist (London: Flamingo, 1993) [FL 828 LES]
-------------, London Observed (London: Flamingo, 1993) [FL 828 LES]
Maria Lexton (ed.), The `Time Out' Book of London Short Stories (London: Penguin, 1993) [FL 828.3108 TIM]
Tim Lott, The Scent of Dried Roses (London: Penguin, 1997)
Colin MacInnes, Absolute Beginners (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1986)
Patrick McGrath, Spider (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1992)
Timothy Mo, Sour Sweet (London: Vintage, 1992) [828 MO]
Michael Moorcock, Mother London (Hamondsworth: Penguin, 1989)
Alan Moore (ed.), The Time Out Book of London Short Stories: It's Dark in London (London: Penguin, 1997)
Geoff Nicholson, Bleeding London (London: Gollancz, 1997)
Nick Rennison (ed.), Waterstone's Guide to London Writing (London: Waterstone's, 1999)
Will Self, Grey Area (London: Bloomsbury, 1994)
---------, The Quantity Theory of Insanity (London: Bloomsbury, 1993)
Sam Selvon, The Lonely Londoners (London: Longman, 1979) [FL. 828 SEL]
Iain Sinclair, Lud Heat (London: Albion, 1975)
-------------, White Chappell, Scarlet Tracings (London: Vintage, 1995)
-------------, Radon Daughters (London: Vintage, 1995)
-------------, Downriver (London: Vintage, 1995)
-------------, Lights out for the Territory (London: Granta, 1997)
Iain Sinclair and Marc Atkins, Liquid City (London: Reaktion Books, 1999)
Iain Sinclair and Rachel Lichtenstein, Rodinsky's Room
Iain Sinclair and David McKean, Slow Chocolate Autopsy (London: Phoenix House, 1997)
Geography
Hadley Arkes, The Philosopher and the City: the Moral Dimensions of Urban Politics (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1981)
Stephen Barber, Fragments of the European City (London: Reaktion Books, 1998)
David Bell and Gill Valentine, Mapping Desire (London:Routledge, 1995) [BL 301.4217]
G. Benko and U. Strohmeyer, Space and Social Theory: Interpreting Modernity and Hypermodernity (Oxford: Blackwell, 1997)
Victor Bergin, Some Cities (London: Reaktion Books, 1996)
M. Brosseau, `Geography's Literature', Progress in Human Geography 16 (1994), pp. 333-53
Susan Buck-Morss, The Dialectics of Seeing: Walter Benjamin and the Arcades Project (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1989)
B. Colomina (ed.), Sexuality and Space (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1992)
Mike Crang, Cultural Geography (London: Routledge, 1998) [BL 910.03 CRA]
Felix Driver and David Gilbert (eds.), Imperial Cities: Landscape, Display and Identity (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1999)
Nan Ellin, Postmodern Urbanism (Oxford: Blackwell, 1996)
Susan Fainstein, Ian Gordon and Michael Harloe, Divided Cities: London and New York in the Contemporary World (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1992) [BL 301.36 DIV]
Katherine Gibson and Sophie Watson (eds.), Postmodern Cities and Spaces (Oxford: Blackwell, 1995)
Graham Gilloch, Myth and Metropolis: Walter Benjamin and the City (Cambridge: Polity, 1996)
John M. Hall, Metropolis Now (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990)
John Hannigan, Fantasy City: Pleasure and Profit in the Postmodern Metropolis (London: Routledge, 1998)
Paul Harrison, Inside the Inner City (London: Penguin, 1992) [BL 301.3642 HAR]
David Harvey, The Condition of Postmodernity (Oxford: Blackwell, 1989) [BL 301.2 HAR]
Keith Hoggart and David R. Green, London: a New Metropolitan Geography (London: Edward Arnold, 1991)
Jane M. Jacobs and Ruth Fincher (eds.), Cities of Difference (London: Guildford Press, 1998)
Jane M. Jacobs, Edge of Empire: Postcolonialism and the City (London: Routledge, 1996) [BL 301.36]
Anthony King, Re-presenting the City: Ethnicity, Capital and Culture in the 21st Century Metropolis (London: Macmillan, 1995)
Henri Lefebvre, The Production of Space (Oxford: Blackwell, 1991)
--------------, Writings on Cities (Oxford: Blackwell, 1994)
Doreen Massey, `A Global Sense of Place', Marxism Today (June 1991)
-------------, Space, Place and Gender (Cambridge: Polity, 1994) [BL.301.34]
-------------, `Places and their Pasts', History Workshop Journal (1995)
Donatella Mazzeloni, `The City and the Imaginary', in Erica Carter, James Donald and Judith Squires (eds.), Space and Place: Theories of Identity and Location (London: Routledge, 1993)
Linda McDowell and Joanne Sharp, Space, Gender, Knowledge (London: Arnold, 1997) [BL 910.03 SPA]
Allen G. Noble and Ramesh Dhussa, `Image and Substance: A Review of Literary Geography', in The Journal of Cultural Geography, no. 34 (June, 1994), pp. 49-65
Paul Oliver, Ian Davis and Ian Bentley (eds.), Dunroamin: the Suburban Semi and Its Enemies (London: Pimlico, 1994) [FL 728.0942]
Steve Pile, The Body and the City: Psychoanalysis, Space and Subjectivity (London and New York: Routledge, 1996)
D.C. Pocock, Humanist Geography and Literature (Oford: Oxford University Press, 1981) [820.932 POC]
Jonathan Raban, Soft City (London: Hamish Hamilton, 1974) [BL 301.36 RAB]
Richard Rogers, Cities for a Small Planet (London: Faber, 1997) [FL 711.4 ROG]
Gillian Rose, Feminist Geography: the Limits of Geographical Knowledge (Oxford: Blackwell, 1993) [BL 910 ROS]
Simon Sadler, The Situationist City (Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press, 1982)
Saskia Sassen, The Global City: New York, London, Tokyo (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1991) [BL 332.152 SAS]
R. Silverstone (ed.), Visions of Suburbia (London: Routledge, 1997) [BL 301.362]
Ed Soja, Postmodern Geographies (London: Verso, 1989)
Gareth Steadman Jones, Outcast London (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1984) [BL 301.4409421]
Keith Tester (ed.), The Flâneur (London: Routledge, 1994)
Judith Walkowitz, City of Dreadful Delight: Narratives of Sexual Danger in Late Victorian London (London: Virago, 1992) [BL 301.4179421]
Rachel Whiteread and James Lingwood, House (London: Phaidon, 1995)
Patrick Wright, A Journey Through Ruins: the Last Days of London (London: Radius, 1991)
Elizabeth Wilson, The Sphinx and the City (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1991)
Literary Theory and Criticism
Walter Benjamin, One Way Street, tr. Edmund Jephcott and Kingsley Shorter (London: New Left Books, 1979)
Homi Bhabha, `Novel Metropolis', New Statesman and Society 16 (February, 1990)
Frank Birbalsingh, `Samuel Selvon and the West Indian Renaissance', Ariel 8.3 (1977), pp. 5-22
Malcolm Bradbury, No, Not Bloomsbury (New York: Columbia University Press, 1988)
Aidan Day, Angela Carter: the Rational Glass (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1998)
Adriaan de Lange, `The Complex Architectonics of Postmodernist Fiction: Hawksmoor C A Case Study', in Toby D'Haen and Hans Bertens (eds.), British Postmodern Fiction (Amsterdam: Rodopi, 1993)
Michel Delville, J.G. Ballard (Plymouth: Northcote, 1998)
James Donald, `Metropolis; the City as Text', in R. Bocock and K. Thompson (eds.), Social and Cultural Forms of Modernity (Oxford: Polity, 1992) [BL 301 SOC]
Aleid Fokkema, `Abandoning the Postmodern? The Case of Peter Ackroyd', in Toby D'Haen and Hans Bertens (eds.), British Postmodern Fiction (Amsterdam: Rodopi, 1993)
Gayle Greene, Doris Lessing: the Poetics of Change (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1994)
John Guzlowski and Yvonne Eddy, `The Modern Novel and the City', Modern Fiction Studies 24 (1978)
Elaine Ho, Timothy Mo (Manchester: Manchester University Press, forthcoming)
Brian Jarvis, Postmodern Cartographies (London: Pluto Press, 1998)
Richard Lehan, The City in Literature: An Intellectual and Cultural History (Berkeley and London: University of California Press, 1998)
David Lloyd and Abdul JanMohamed, (eds.) The Nature and Context of Minority Discourse (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1990)
Mark Looker, Atlantic Passages: History, Community and Language in the Fiction of Sam Selvon (New York: Peter Lang, 1996)
Roger Luckhurst, The Angle between Two Walls: the Fiction of J.G. Ballard (Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 1997)
S. Manferlotti, `Writers from Elsewhere', in I. Chambers and L. Curti (eds.), The Postcolonial Question (London: Routledge, 1995) [BL 301.36 POS]
Elizabeth Maslen, Doris Lessing (Plymouth: Northcote, 1994)
Susheila Nasta, (ed.) Critical Perspectives on Sam Selvon (Washington: Three Continents Press, 1988)
Susana Onega, `Interview with Peter Ackroyd', in Twentieth Century Literature: A Scholarly and Critical Journal, Vol. 42, no. 2 (Summer 1996), pp. 208-21
John Peck, `The Novels of Peter Ackroyd', in English Studies, Vol. 75 no. 5 (Sept. 1994), pp. 442-52
Simon Perrill, `The Work of Iain Sinclair', in Comparative Criticism, Vol. 19 (1997), pp. 309-39
J. Pickering, Understanding Doris Lessing (Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1990)
Burton Pike, `The City as Image', in R. Legates and F. Stout (eds.), The City Reader (London: Routledge, 1996) [BL 301.36 CIT]
Caryl Phillips, Extravagant Strangers: A Literature of Belonging (London: Faber, 1998) [FL 809.993352]
Rachel Potter, `Culture Vulture: the Testimony of Iain Sinclair's Downriver', Parataxis 5 (1993-94), pp. 40-48
Lorna Sage, (ed.) Flesh and the Mirror: Essays on the Art of Angela Carter (London: Virago, 1994). See especially Kate Webb on Wise Children, pp. 279-307
Christine Sizemore, A Female Vision of The City: London in the Novels of Five British Women (Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1984)
Susan Squier (ed.), Women Writers and the City (Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1984)
G. Stephenson, Out of the Night and into the Dream: A Thematic Study of the Novels of J.G. Ballard (New York: Greenwood, 1991)
Edward Timms and David Kelley (eds.), Unreal City: Urban Experience in Modern European Literature and Art (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1985)
R. Whittaker, Doris Lessing (London: Macmillan, 1988)
Raymond Williams, The Country and the City (London: Hogarth, 1985) [FL 820.932 WIL]
Hana Wirth-Nesher, City Codes: Reading the Modern European Novel (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996)
Clement Wyke, Sam Selvon's Dialectical Style and Fictional Strategy (Vancouver: University of British Columbia Press, 1991)
History
Peter Ackroyd, `London Luminaries and Cockney Visionaries' (The London LWT lecture, 1993; in British Library)
P. Addison, Now the War is Over (London: Pimlico, 1955)
Theo Barker, `London: A Unique Megalopolis?', in Theo Barker and Anthony Sutcliffe (eds.), Megalopolis: The Giant City in History (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1993), pp. 43-60
Chain Bermant, Point of Arrival: A Study of London's East End (London: Eyre Methuen, 1975)
N. Deakin and J. Edwards, The Enterprise Culture and the Inner City (London: Routledge, 1993)
David Feldman and Gareth Steadman Jones (eds.), Metropolis London: Histories and Representations since 1800 (London: Routledge, 1989). See in particular Feldman's own essay, `Jewish Immigration and the Decay of Liberal England', pp. 56-84
A Forshaw, T. Bergstrom, The Open Spaces of London (LOndon: Allison and Busby, 1986)
Miles Glendinning and Stefan Muthesius, Tower Block (London and New Haven: Yale University Press, 1994)
Peter G. Hall, London 2001 (London: Unwin Hyman, 1999)
Paul Halliday, The Greek Cypriot Community in London (Salonika: Interpreter, 1988)
Stephen Halliday, The Great Stink of London: Sir Joseph Bazalgette and the Cleansing of the Victorian Metropolis (Sutton: Phoenix Mill, 1999)
Negley Harte, The University of London 1836-1986 (London: Athlone, 1986)
Christopher Hibbert, London: A Biography (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1980)
Steve Humphries and John Taylor, The Making of Modern London 1945-85 (London: Sidgwick and Jackson, 1986)
Stephen Inwood, A History of London (London: Macmillan, 1998)
Anthony King, Global Cities: Post-Imperialism and the Internationalization of London (London: Routledge, 1990)
David Kynaston, The City of London (3 vols; another forthcoming; London: Chatto and Windus, 1994-99)
Bill Lancaster, The Department Store: A Social History (London: Weidenefld and Nicholson, 1987)
Lynn Hollen Lees, Exiles of Erin: Irish Migrants in Victorian London (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1979)
N. Merriman, The Peopling of London: Fifteen Thousand Years of Settlement from Overseas (London: Reaktion Books, 1993) [BL 301.451421]
K. Owusu and J. Ross, Behind the Masquerade: the Story of the Notting Hill Carnival (Edgeware: Arts Media Group, 1988) [BL 301.682]
P. Panikos, `The Immigrant Experience in London's History', London Journal, Vol. 14, no. 1 (1989)
Mike and Trevor Phillips, Windrush: The Irresistible Rise of Multiracial Britain (London: HarperCollins, 1998)
Lisa Picard, Restoration London (London: Weidenfeld and Nicholson, 1997)
Edward Pilkington, Beyond the Mother Country: West Indians and the Notting Hill White Riots (London: J.B. Tauris, 1988)
Roy Porter, London: a Social History (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1996)
Richard Rogers and Mark Fisher, A New London (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1992)
Francis Sheppard, London: A History (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998)
Andy Thornley (ed.), The Crisis of London (London: Routledge, 1992) [BL 301.36421]
Hayden White, Metahistory (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins, 1975)
Peter Willmott, Family and Class in a London Suburb (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1960)
Popular Culture
Roland Barthes, Mythologies, tr. Annette Lavers (London: Vintage, 1993)
Jacqueline Burgess and John Gold (eds.), Geography, the Media and Popular Culture (London: Croom Helm, 1985) [SH 3 KBM Geo]
David Buckingham, Public Secrets: East Enders and Its Audience (London: BFI Books, 1987) [FL 791.457 BUC]
Michel de Certeau, The Practice of Everyday Life, tr. Steven Randall (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1988)
Iain Chambers, Popular Culture: the Metropolitan Experience (London: Methuen, 1986)
-------------, Border Dialogues: Journeys in Postmodernism (London: Routledge, 1993)
D. Clark (ed.), The Cinematic City (London: Routledge, 1997) [BL 791.43 CIN]
J. Collins, Uncommon Cultures: Popular Culture and Postmodernism (London: Routledge, 1989)
K. Dodd and P. Dodd, `From the East End to East Enders: Representations of the Working Class 1890-1990', in D. Strinati and S. Wagg (eds.), Come on Down? Popular Culture in Post-War Britain (London: Routledge, 1992)
Mike Featherstone, Undoing Culture: Globalization, Postmodernism and Identity (London: Sage, 1995)
John Fiske, Reading the Popular ((London: Unwin Hyman, 1989)
----------, Understanding Popular Culture (London: Unwin Hyman, 1989)
David Gilbert, `London in All Its Glory, or How to Enjoy London: Representations of Imperial London in its Guidebooks', Journal of Historical Geography 25 (1999)
-------------, `Tourists', in Steven Pile and Nigel Thrift, City A-Z (forthcoming)
Lawrence Grossberg, We Gotta get Out Of This Place: Popular Conservatism and Postmodern Culture (London: Routledge, 1992)
Dick Hebdige, Subculture: the Meaning of Style (London: Routledge, 1988)
Fred Inglis, Cultural Studies (Oxford: Blackwell, 1993)
Gerry Kearns and Chris Philo, Selling Places: the City as Cultural Capital, Past and Present ((Oxford: Pergamon, 1993) [BL 301.36 SEL]
Douglas Kellner, Media Culture: Cultural Studies, Identity and Politics between the Modern and the Postmodern (London: Routledge, 1996)
Sharon MacDonald (ed.), The Politics of Display: Museums, Science, Culture (London: Routledge, 1998)
Richard Maltby (ed.), Dreams for Sale: Popular Culture in the Twentieth Century (London: Harrap, 1989)
Angela McRobbie, Postmodernism and Popular Culture (London: Routledge, 1994)
Kevin Moore, Museums and Popular Culture (London: Cassell, 1997)
Ted Polhemus, Street Style: from Sidewalk to Catwalk (London: thames and Hudson, 1994)
Andrew Ross, No Respect: Intellectuals and Popular Culture (London: Routledge, 1989)
Keith Selby and Ron Cowdrey, How to Study Television (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1995) [FL 791.45015]
Colin Sorensen, London on Film: 100 Years of Filmmaking in London (London: Museum of London, 1996)
John Storey, An Introduction to Cultural Theory and Popular Culture (Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1998)
-----------, (ed.) Cultural Theory and Popular Culture: a Reader (Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1998)
Dominic Strinati, An Introduction to Theories of Popular Culture (London: Routledge, 1995)
A. Sutcliffe, `The Metropolis in Cinema', in his Metropolis 1890-1940 (London: Mansell, 1984) [SH 63 LGH Met]
John Urry, The Tourist Gaze (London: Sage, 1990) [BL 380.5]
Suzanna Walters, Material Girls: Making Sense of Feminist Cultural Theory (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1995)
Leo Zonn, Place Images in Media: Portrayal, Experience and Meaning (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1996) [BL 301.1411 PLA]
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